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M1A1: Difference between revisions

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{{T-Doll|title = M1A1
{{PlayableUnit
|index = 35
|index = 35
|nationality = United States<ref name= "wiki">[[wikipedia:M1_carbine|Wikipedia entry on M1A1]]</ref>
|nationality = United States
|classification = RF
|classification = RF
|rarity = 3
|rarity = 3
|manufacturer = Inland<ref name= "wiki"></ref>
|faction = [[Griffin & Kryuger]]
|artist = [http://www.pixiv.net/member.php?id=12785336 哈路卡]
|manufactureringame = [[I.O.P.]]
|fullname = Carbine, Cal .30, M1A1<ref name= "wiki"></ref>
|manufacturer = Inland
|voiceactor = [[wikipedia:Suzuko_Mimori|Mimori Suzuko]]
|fullname = Carbine, Cal .30, M1A1
|artist = {{artist name|哈路卡}}
|voiceactor = {{voice actor name|Mimori Suzuko}}
|releasedon = {{doll_server_alias|server=CN|alias=M1A1|year=2016|month=5}}, {{doll_server_alias|server=TW|alias=M1A1}}, {{doll_server_alias|server=KR|alias=M1A1}}, {{doll_server_alias|server=EN|alias=M1A1}}, {{doll_server_alias|server=JP|alias=M1A1}}


| weaponinfo = The M1 Carbine is a .30 caliber Carbine that has been used since WW2 and is still a popular weapon amongst today's Law Enforcement/Security Forces around the world, along with civilian use, it is chambered in .30 Carbine. Due to it being a carbine, it has a shorter barrel, and length, compared to rifles used in World War II (such as the M1 Garand), thus lowering power and range significantly compared to other conventional rifles. However the M1 Carbine was used much during the war. It has been favored for its mild recoil, by soldiers and collectors alike.
|weaponinfo =
The M1 Carbine (officially designated the United States Carbine, Caliber .30, M1) is a .30 caliber semi-automatic carbine that was a standard firearm for the U.S. military during World War II, the Korean War, and even the Vietnam War. Several variants of the M1 Carbine have been produced, the the carbine was widely used by paramilitary and police forces around the world.<ref name= "wiki">[[wikipedia:M1_carbine|Wikipedia entry on M1A1]]</ref>


M1A1 is the paratrooper model with folding stock. Came with 15 round magazine. M1A1s were produced by the Inland division of General Motors. They were made side by side with full stock M1s and stocks were sometimes replaced by producers, making it hard to find an original M1A1 with folding stock. This variant was sometimes fielded with a vertical wooden foregrip.<ref name= "wiki"></ref>
Prior to World War II, the U.S. Army Ordnance Department received several reports that the full-size M1 Garand rifle was too heavy and cumbersome for most support troops (staff, artillerymen, radiomen, and other typically non-combat units) to carry. During pre-war and early war field exercises, it was found that the M1 Garand impeded the mobility of these auxiliary troops, as a slung rifle would frequently catch on brush, make exiting vehicles difficult, or hit the back of the helmet and tilt it over the eyes. Many soldiers found that the rifle had a tendency to slide off the shoulder unless slung diagonally across the back, where it prevented the wearing of standard field packs and haversacks. Seeing the need for a lighter, more compact weapon to outfit these second-line troops, in 1938 the Chief of Infantry requested that the Ordnance Department develop a "light rifle" or carbine, though the formal requirements for the weapon type were not approved until 1940.


| characterinfo =  
The design of the M1 Carbine came about as the result of an unfinished design by Jonathan "Ed" Browning, brother of the famous firearm designer John Browning, and the work of David Marshall Williams. Williams had worked on a short-stroke gas piston system while serving a prison sentence at a North Carolina minimum-security work farm. After his release, Williams was hired by Winchester and was set to work on completing one of Ed Browning's designs for a .30-06 rifle. Williams incorporated his gas piston system into the design, and the prototype rifle (now referred to as the M2 rifle) was submitted to the Marine Corps for testing. After the original action from the Browning design proved unreliable, the rifle was modified to use the M1 Garand's rotating bolt and operating rod. The M2 prototype rifle was then submitted to the Ordnance Department, who were having a hard time finding suitable carbine design submissions. Major René Studler believed that the M2 rifle design could be scaled down to a carbine which would weigh 4.5 to 4.75 lbs (2.0–2.2 kg) and demanded a prototype as soon as possible. The first prototype of what would become the M1 Carbine was developed at Winchester in 13 days by William C. Roemer, Fred Humeston, and three other Winchester engineers under supervision of Edwin Pugsley, and was essentially Williams' lastest version of the .30-06 M2 scaled down to the .30 SL cartridge. This patchwork prototype was cobbled together using the trigger housing and lockwork of a Winchester M1905 rifle and a modified Garand operating rod. The prototype was an immediate hit with army observers.<ref name = "forgotten weapons m1 carbine">[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DUppu5IxEY4 Forgotten Weapons video on the M1 Carbine]</ref>
=== Design ===
 
=== Personality ===
After the initial Army testing in August 1941, the Winchester design team set out to develop a more refined version. Williams participated in the finishing of this second prototype, which competed successfully against all of the remaining carbine candidates in September 1941. Winchester was notified of their success in these trials the following month. Adoption and standardization of the Winchester design as the United States Carbine, Caliber .30, M1 was approved on October 22, 1941.
=== In-Game ===
 
Despite having a similar name and physical outward appearance, the M1 carbine is not a carbine version of the M1 Garand rifle. On July 1, 1925, the U.S. Army began using the current naming convention where the "M" is the designation for "Model" and the number represents the sequential development of equipment and weapons. Therefore, the "M1 carbine" was the first carbine developed under this system. The "M2 carbine" was the second carbine developed under the system, etc. Mechanically, the M1 Carbine is a combination of several different firearms, including the Winchester M2 Browning rifle (from which Williams' gas system was used), the Winchester Model 1905 rifle (fire control group and magazine), the M1 Garand (buttstock dimensions, bolt, and operating slide principles), and a percussion shotgun in Pugsley's collection (hook breech and barrel band assembly/disassembly).
 
One of the most important differences between the M1 Carbine and the Garand was the ammunition. The M1 Carbine used the US Army's .30 carbine cartridge, which was essentially a rimless version of the then-obsolete .32 Winchester Self-Loading cartridge introduced for the Winchester Model 1905 rifle. The propellant used was much newer, though, taking advantage of recent advances in chemistry. As a result, the .30 carbine cartridge is approximately 27% more powerful than its parent cartridge. A standard .30 carbine ball bullet weighs 110 grains (7.1 g), a complete loaded round weighs 195 grains (12.6 g), and has a muzzle velocity of 1,990 ft/s (610 m/s), giving it 967 ft·lbf (1,311 joules) of energy when fired from the M1 carbine's 18-inch barrel. In comparison, the .30-06 Springfield ball rounds used by the M1 Garand are almost three times more powerful than the .30 carbine, while the .30 carbine round was twice as powerful as the .45 ACP rounds that the Thompson submachine gun used. As a result, the carbine offered much better range, accuracy, and penetration. The M1 is also half the weight of the Thompson, and fires a smaller, lighter cartridge. Therefore, soldiers armed with the carbine can carry much more ammunition than those armed with a Thompson. One characteristic of .30 caliber carbine ammunition is that from the beginning of production, non-corrosive primers were specified. This was the first major use of this type of primer in a military firearm. Because the rifle had a closed gas system not normally disassembled in the field, corrosive primers would have led to a rapid deterioration of the function of the gas system. The use of non-corrosive primers was a novelty in service ammunition at this time. Some failures to fire were reported in early lots of .30 caliber carbine ammunition, attributed to moisture ingress of the non-corrosive primer compound.
 
The M1 carbine entered service with a standard straight 15-round box magazine. The introduction of the select-fire M2 carbine in October 1944 also brought into service the curved 30-round magazine or "Banana Clip". After WW2, the 30-round magazine quickly became the standard magazine for both the M1 and M2 carbines, although the 15-round magazine remained in service until the end of the Vietnam War. Perhaps the most common accessory used on the M1 carbine was a standard magazine belt pouch that was slid over the stock, which held two extra 15-round magazines. This field adaptation was never officially approved, but proved an efficient method to supply extra ammunition in combat. After the introduction of the 30-round magazine, it was common for troops to tape two 30-round magazines together, a practice that became known as "Jungle style". This led the military to introduce the "Holder, Magazine, T3-A1" also called the "Jungle Clip", a metal clamp that held two magazines together without the need for tape. The 30-round magazines introduced for use with the selective-fire M2 carbine would not be reliably retained by the magazine catch made for the original M1 carbine which was designed to retain a 15-round magazine, so the much heavier 30-round magazine would not be properly seated in the M1 carbine magazine well. The loaded 30-round magazine would typically slant (impairing feed reliability) or even fall out, which contributed to the poor reliability record of the 30-round magazines. Because of their thin steel construction, they were also more prone to damage due to their added length and weight when loaded. In response to these issues, early production M1 carbines had to be fitted with the type IV magazine catch used on the M2 carbine (and late production M1 carbines) if they were to be used with 30-round magazines in order to ensure reliable loading and feeding. The type IV magazine catch will have a leg on the left side to correspond with the additional nub on the 30-round magazines.
 
Originally the M1 carbine did not have a bayonet lug, but personnel equipped with it were often issued with an M3 fighting knife. Due to requests from the field, the carbine was modified to incorporate a bayonet lug attached to the barrel band starting in 1945. However, very few carbines with bayonet lugs reached the front lines before the end of World War II. After the war, the bayonet lug was added to many M1 carbines during the arsenal refurbishing process. By the start of the Korean War, the bayonet lug-equipped M1 was standard issue. It is now rare to find an original M1 carbine without the bayonet lug. The M1 carbine mounts the M4 bayonet, which was based on the earlier M3 fighting knife and formed the basis for the later M5, M6 and M7 bayonet-knives.
 
The version of the M1 Carbine used in GFL is the M1A1. This variant was developed after a request for a compact and light infantry arm for airborne troops, and features a folding metal stock. M1A1s were produced primarily by the Inland division of General Motors, and were made side by side with full stock M1s. Sometimes, these stocks would be replaced, making it hard to find an original M1A1 with the folding stock. This variant came standard with 15 round magazines, and was sometimes fielded with a vertical wooden foregrip.
 
The M1 carbine with its reduced-power .30 cartridge was not originally intended to serve as a primary weapon for combat infantrymen, nor was it comparable to more powerful assault rifles developed late in the war. However, it was markedly superior to the .45 caliber submachineguns in use at the time in both accuracy and penetration, and its lighter .30 caliber cartridge allowed soldiers to carry more ammunition. As a result, the carbine was soon widely issued to infantry officers, American paratroopers, non-commissioned officers, ammunition bearers, forward artillery observers, and other frontline troops. The first M1 carbines were delivered in mid-1942, with initial priority given to troops in the European Theater of Operations (ETO). The M1 carbine gained generally high praise for its small size, light weight, and great firepower, especially by those troops who were unable to use a full-size rifle as their primary weapon. However, its reputation in front-line combat was mixed, and negative reports began to surface during airborne operations in Sicily in 1943. In the Asiatic-Pacific Theater, soldiers and guerrilla forces operating in heavy jungle with only occasional enemy contact again praised the carbine for its small size, light weight, and firepower. However, soldiers and Marines engaged in frequent daily firefights (particularly those serving in the Philippines) found the weapon to have insufficient penetration and stopping power. After World War II, the M1 and M2 carbines were widely exported to U.S. allies and client states, where they served as frontline weapons well into the Vietnam War era. By the Korean War, the select fire M2 carbine had largely replaced the submachine-gun in U.S. service, and was the most widely used carbine variant (although semi-auto M1s were still used). The M1 and M2 carbines were again issued to U.S. forces in Vietnam beginning in 1956, and the carbine continues to be used by military, police, and security forces around the world to this day.
 
A total of over 6.1 million M1 carbines of various models were manufactured, making it the most produced small arm for the American military during World War II (compared with about 5.4 million M1 rifles and about 1.3 million Thompson submachine guns). Despite being designed by Winchester, the great majority of these were made by other companies, with the largest producer being the Inland division of General Motors. Other companies responsible for producing the M1 Carbine included IBM, the Underwood Typewriter Company, and Rock-Ola Manufacturing Corporation. The M1 carbine was also one of the most cost effective weapons used by the United States military during World War II. At the beginning of World War II the average production cost for an M1 carbine was approximately $45, about half the cost of an M1 rifle at approximately $85 and about a fifth of the cost of a Thompson submachine gun at approximately $225. The .30 Caliber carbine ammunition was also far cheaper to produce than the standard .30-06 ammunition; used fewer resources, was smaller, lighter, faster and easier to make. These were major factors in the United States military decision to adopt the M1 carbine, especially when considering the vast numbers of weapons and ammunition manufactured and transported by the United States during World War II.


|min_dmg= 35
|min_dmg= 35
Line 32: Line 49:
|nonormalcraft=1
|nonormalcraft=1
|noheavycraft=1
|noheavycraft=1
|drop=1
|drop=Drops only from {{enemy name|Alchemist|boss}} in 6-6 and 6-4E. Can also be obtained by S-Ranking the map and by Auto-battles
|statnotes= Acquirable from 6-4E and 6-6 boss drop or S rank battle clear only.
 
|aura1= Affects handguns
|aura1= Affects handguns
|aura2= Reduces skill cooldown by 12%
|aura2= Reduces skill cooldown by 12%
Line 39: Line 56:
|tile5= 0  
|tile5= 0  
|tile8= 1
|tile8= 1
| GAIN_CN = M1A1,加入。指挥官,请让我陪您平安度过难关吧。
 
| GAIN_JP = M1A1、入ります。共に戦争を乗り越えましょう。
|costume1 = Red Plums and White Snow
| GAIN_EN = M1A1, reporting in. Let's overcome these trials together.
 
| INTRODUCTION_CN =M1A1卡宾枪,最早的设计设想是二线部队的防身武器,在M1加兰德的基础上,在弹匣和枪托上进行了重点改造。因为可折叠的枪托方便携带,所以我主要在伞兵部队中服役,和加兰德在不同的战场上一起努力着。
|gallery=<gallery>
| INTRODUCTION_JP =
File:M1A1_S.png|Profile image
| INTRODUCTION_EN =
File:M1A1.png|Full artwork
| DIALOGUE1_CN = 指挥官,您……看到加兰德了吗?
File:M1A1_D.png|Full damaged artwork
| DIALOGUE1_JP = 指揮官…ガーランドちゃん…見た?
File:M1A1 costume1.png|"Red Plums and White Snow" Full artwork
| DIALOGUE1_EN = Commander, have you seen Garand?
File:M1A1_costume1 D.png|"Red Plums and White Snow" Full damaged artwork
| DIALOGUE2_CN = 今天的指示,可以先告诉我吗?
</gallery>
| DIALOGUE2_JP = 今日の指示…何でしょう?
 
| DIALOGUE2_EN = What are your instructions today?
|galleryAlt=<gallery>
| DIALOGUE3_CN = 哇啊!……抱歉,我还在想,加兰德今天怎么这么主动……没想到是指挥官……
File:Year God's Blessing Login Wallpaper.png|"Year God's Blessing" Login Wallpaper illustrated by 藤原海藻
| DIALOGUE3_JP = うわっ!…ごめんなさい、ガーランドちゃんかと思った…。
 
| DIALOGUE3_EN = Ah! Sorry, I thought you were Garand!
</gallery>
| DIALOGUEWEDDING_CN = 指挥官,今天的目标也会顺利达成吧?只要有您在,无论结果如何,我都不会再害怕了。
 
| DIALOGUEWEDDING_EN = Commander, today's goal will also be successfully achieved, right? No matter the outcome, I will no longer be scared again as long as you're here.
| trivia =  
| SOULCONTRACT_CN = 指挥官,为什么选了我,而不是加兰德呢……
*The M1A1 has an infamously bad reputation, much like the L85 and early production models of the M16. During the invasion of Sicily, the weapon got a reputation for being extremely finicky and prone to jamming and misfiring. In one famous anecdote, Colonel James M. Gavin later traded his M1A1 to a wounded Army grunt for an M1 Garand, such were his problems with the weapon. If anything, the weapon's problems became more apparent during the Korean War, when the M1A1's existing reliability problems caused the whole weapon to be called into question and a full investigation was launched.  
诶?加兰德,你也在这儿?
**Interestingly, just like the L85 and M16, the bulk of the M1A1's problems were found to come from manufacturing defects and improper maintenance procedures rather than deficiencies in the design itself. Later production runs of the M1A1 featured better return springs and lubricants that were less prone to fouling and freezing. The magazines for the M1A1 were also redesigned.
……嗯,我会努力的,连同你的心意一起……
**Many problems were also found in the weapon's ammunition. Korean War veterans became infamous for the claims that the M1A1's .30 carbine round could not penetrate the winter coats worn by Chinese soldiers, and similar claims during the Vietnam War claimed that the round was incapable of penetrating a human skull. Both claims were untrue, but there was a nugget of truth to both: the M1A1's .30 caliber round was especially prone to misfiring and poorly firing, resulting in less-than-optimal performance. As was the case with most of the M1A1's problems, and later on the M16's problems with performance, the bulk were later found to be the result of manufacturing defects.  
| SOULCONTRACT_JP = 指揮官がガーランドちゃんじゃなくあたしを選んだ?…
**While later model M1A1s purportedly had satisfactory performance, the horrendous reputation of the weapon lives on to this very day, the same way it does for the L85.
えっ?ガーランドちゃん?なんでここに?
*M1A1 is Garand's little sister, sharing a similar relationship with her that MG42 has with MG34.
…そうだね、あたし、ガーランドちゃんの分まで頑張ります。指揮官、ちゃんと見ててね!
**Humorously, M1A1 shares the same artist as Garand as well.
| SOULCONTRACT_EN = Commander, why did you choose me and not Garand...  
**Appropriately, as she is Garand's sister, she shares numerous tastes in clothing, including a beret, pleated skirt, and open jacket with blouse and a tie.
Eh? Garand, why are you here?
......Mhm, I will work hard for the sake of Garand too. Commander, please watch me.
| HELLO_JP = おはよう指揮官、今日の仕事は何?あたし…できるのかな?
| HELLO_EN =
| BUILDOVER_JP = 仲間が…来た。
| BUILDOVER_EN =
| FORMATION_JP = M1A1、改造完了、部隊に入ります。
| FORMATION_EN =
| FEED_JP = ありがとうございます、これで…ガーランドちゃんを手伝ってあげられる…。
| FEED_EN =
| COMBINE_JP = うん…このままいけば、アサルトライフルになれるかな?
| COMBINE_EN =
| OPERATIONBEGIN_JP = うん…やってみます…。
| OPERATIONBEGIN_EN =
| OPERATIONOVER_JP = ただいま…え~と…。
| OPERATIONOVER_EN =
| BLACKACTION_JP = 弾薬足りますか?
| BLACKACTION_EN =
| GOATTACK_JP = あっ、あの…しゅっ…出発!
| GOATTACK_EN =
| MEET_JP = 落ち着け…落ち着け…。
| MEET_EN =
| SKILL1_JP = もっと近寄って…撃つ!
| SKILL1_EN =
| SKILL2_JP = そろそろ時間だ…始めましょう!
| SKILL2_EN =
| SKILL3_JP = 残りの弾はもう…十分!
| SKILL3_EN =
| BREAK_JP = うわぁぁ!ダメ!このままじゃ…やられる・・・。
| BREAK_EN =
| RETREAT_JP = ごめんなさい…次こそは…。
| RETREAT_EN =
| WIN_JP = えっ?勝ったの?やった!… ガーランドちゃん、見てくれましたか?
| WIN_EN =
| FIX_JP = ガーランドちゃんは…大丈夫かな?
| FIX_EN =
| ALLHALLOWS_CN = 今晚加兰德被好多人围住了,也不知道在做什么……我还是去看看吧。
| ALLHALLOWS_JP = 今夜は賑やか、ガーランドちゃんはどんなお祭り知らないみたい。私もあまりよく知らないの。
| ALLHALLOWS_EN = Garand is being surrounded by many people tonight. I have no idea what they're doing... I think I'm going to take a look.
| CHRISTMAS_JP = メリークリスマス指揮官。ガーランドちゃん見てない?今日は一緒にお祝いしよと思ってたのに。指揮官、一緒に探してくれる?
| CHRISTMAS_EN =
| NEWYEAR_JP = 指揮官、明けましておめでとうございます。指揮官と私、そしてガーランドちゃんと新年を迎えられ、とても良かったです。
| NEWYEAR_EN =
| VALENTINE_JP = 今日はバレンタインデーだから。ガーランドちゃんは遅れて来るみたいだから私が代わりに。これ、受け取って。
| VALENTINE_EN =
| trivia = *Possible reward for clearing episode 6-6 or 6-4E with S rank or defeating the boss with S rank.
*Sharing the same artist, she mentions M1 Garand constantly.<ref>[https://zh.moegirl.org/%E5%B0%91%E5%A5%B3%E5%89%8D%E7%BA%BF:M1A1 Moegirl entry on M1A1]</ref>
| references = <references/>
|}}
|}}
[[Category:English_line_translation_needed]]

Latest revision as of 19:58, 19 September 2024

M1A1 Quotes
M1A1
35
Gun Information
Full name Carbine, Cal .30, M1A1
Country of origin United States
Manufacturer Inland
Game Information
Faction Griffin & Kryuger
Manufactured /
Revised by
I.O.P.
Voice actor Mimori Suzuko
Artist 哈路卡
Released on CN (2016-5), TW, KR, EN, JP
Chibi Animation
Variant:

Click the marked area to switch between animations. For details regarding animations, please see Animations on the Wiki.

View page template

How to obtain[edit]

NORMALHEAVY Not craftable.

DROP Drops only from Alchemist in 6-6 and 6-4E. Can also be obtained by S-Ranking the map and by Auto-battles

REWARD Not obtained as a reward

Exclusive Equipment[edit]

There is no exclusive equipment for this T-Doll.

Union Skill[edit]

There is no union skill for this T-Doll.

Stats / Data[edit]

Stats
Health
Health
 Health
Health
Health
 Ammo
Health
Health
 Ration
42(x1)84(x1) / 420(x5) 15(x1) / 55(x5) 30(x1) / 90(x5)
Damage
Damage
 Damage
35 95
Evasion
Evasion
 Evasion
6 42
Accuracy
Accuracy
 Accuracy
9 77
Rate of Fire
Rate of Fire
 Rate of Fire
26 38
Movement Speed
Movement Speed
 Move Speed
7
Armor
Armor
 Armor
0
Critical Hit Rate
Critical Hit Rate
 Crit. Rate
40%
Critical Hit Damage
Critical Hit Damage
 Crit. Damage
50%
Armor Penetration
Armor Penetration
 Armor Pen.
15

Ranking of this Doll's specs relative to other Dolls of the same type.

Ranking of this Doll's specs relative to every other Doll.

Affects handguns
Reduces skill cooldown by 12%
How to edit skills

Weapon Background[edit]

The M1 Carbine (officially designated the United States Carbine, Caliber .30, M1) is a .30 caliber semi-automatic carbine that was a standard firearm for the U.S. military during World War II, the Korean War, and even the Vietnam War. Several variants of the M1 Carbine have been produced, the the carbine was widely used by paramilitary and police forces around the world.[1]

Prior to World War II, the U.S. Army Ordnance Department received several reports that the full-size M1 Garand rifle was too heavy and cumbersome for most support troops (staff, artillerymen, radiomen, and other typically non-combat units) to carry. During pre-war and early war field exercises, it was found that the M1 Garand impeded the mobility of these auxiliary troops, as a slung rifle would frequently catch on brush, make exiting vehicles difficult, or hit the back of the helmet and tilt it over the eyes. Many soldiers found that the rifle had a tendency to slide off the shoulder unless slung diagonally across the back, where it prevented the wearing of standard field packs and haversacks. Seeing the need for a lighter, more compact weapon to outfit these second-line troops, in 1938 the Chief of Infantry requested that the Ordnance Department develop a "light rifle" or carbine, though the formal requirements for the weapon type were not approved until 1940.

The design of the M1 Carbine came about as the result of an unfinished design by Jonathan "Ed" Browning, brother of the famous firearm designer John Browning, and the work of David Marshall Williams. Williams had worked on a short-stroke gas piston system while serving a prison sentence at a North Carolina minimum-security work farm. After his release, Williams was hired by Winchester and was set to work on completing one of Ed Browning's designs for a .30-06 rifle. Williams incorporated his gas piston system into the design, and the prototype rifle (now referred to as the M2 rifle) was submitted to the Marine Corps for testing. After the original action from the Browning design proved unreliable, the rifle was modified to use the M1 Garand's rotating bolt and operating rod. The M2 prototype rifle was then submitted to the Ordnance Department, who were having a hard time finding suitable carbine design submissions. Major René Studler believed that the M2 rifle design could be scaled down to a carbine which would weigh 4.5 to 4.75 lbs (2.0–2.2 kg) and demanded a prototype as soon as possible. The first prototype of what would become the M1 Carbine was developed at Winchester in 13 days by William C. Roemer, Fred Humeston, and three other Winchester engineers under supervision of Edwin Pugsley, and was essentially Williams' lastest version of the .30-06 M2 scaled down to the .30 SL cartridge. This patchwork prototype was cobbled together using the trigger housing and lockwork of a Winchester M1905 rifle and a modified Garand operating rod. The prototype was an immediate hit with army observers.[2]

After the initial Army testing in August 1941, the Winchester design team set out to develop a more refined version. Williams participated in the finishing of this second prototype, which competed successfully against all of the remaining carbine candidates in September 1941. Winchester was notified of their success in these trials the following month. Adoption and standardization of the Winchester design as the United States Carbine, Caliber .30, M1 was approved on October 22, 1941.

Despite having a similar name and physical outward appearance, the M1 carbine is not a carbine version of the M1 Garand rifle. On July 1, 1925, the U.S. Army began using the current naming convention where the "M" is the designation for "Model" and the number represents the sequential development of equipment and weapons. Therefore, the "M1 carbine" was the first carbine developed under this system. The "M2 carbine" was the second carbine developed under the system, etc. Mechanically, the M1 Carbine is a combination of several different firearms, including the Winchester M2 Browning rifle (from which Williams' gas system was used), the Winchester Model 1905 rifle (fire control group and magazine), the M1 Garand (buttstock dimensions, bolt, and operating slide principles), and a percussion shotgun in Pugsley's collection (hook breech and barrel band assembly/disassembly).

One of the most important differences between the M1 Carbine and the Garand was the ammunition. The M1 Carbine used the US Army's .30 carbine cartridge, which was essentially a rimless version of the then-obsolete .32 Winchester Self-Loading cartridge introduced for the Winchester Model 1905 rifle. The propellant used was much newer, though, taking advantage of recent advances in chemistry. As a result, the .30 carbine cartridge is approximately 27% more powerful than its parent cartridge. A standard .30 carbine ball bullet weighs 110 grains (7.1 g), a complete loaded round weighs 195 grains (12.6 g), and has a muzzle velocity of 1,990 ft/s (610 m/s), giving it 967 ft·lbf (1,311 joules) of energy when fired from the M1 carbine's 18-inch barrel. In comparison, the .30-06 Springfield ball rounds used by the M1 Garand are almost three times more powerful than the .30 carbine, while the .30 carbine round was twice as powerful as the .45 ACP rounds that the Thompson submachine gun used. As a result, the carbine offered much better range, accuracy, and penetration. The M1 is also half the weight of the Thompson, and fires a smaller, lighter cartridge. Therefore, soldiers armed with the carbine can carry much more ammunition than those armed with a Thompson. One characteristic of .30 caliber carbine ammunition is that from the beginning of production, non-corrosive primers were specified. This was the first major use of this type of primer in a military firearm. Because the rifle had a closed gas system not normally disassembled in the field, corrosive primers would have led to a rapid deterioration of the function of the gas system. The use of non-corrosive primers was a novelty in service ammunition at this time. Some failures to fire were reported in early lots of .30 caliber carbine ammunition, attributed to moisture ingress of the non-corrosive primer compound.

The M1 carbine entered service with a standard straight 15-round box magazine. The introduction of the select-fire M2 carbine in October 1944 also brought into service the curved 30-round magazine or "Banana Clip". After WW2, the 30-round magazine quickly became the standard magazine for both the M1 and M2 carbines, although the 15-round magazine remained in service until the end of the Vietnam War. Perhaps the most common accessory used on the M1 carbine was a standard magazine belt pouch that was slid over the stock, which held two extra 15-round magazines. This field adaptation was never officially approved, but proved an efficient method to supply extra ammunition in combat. After the introduction of the 30-round magazine, it was common for troops to tape two 30-round magazines together, a practice that became known as "Jungle style". This led the military to introduce the "Holder, Magazine, T3-A1" also called the "Jungle Clip", a metal clamp that held two magazines together without the need for tape. The 30-round magazines introduced for use with the selective-fire M2 carbine would not be reliably retained by the magazine catch made for the original M1 carbine which was designed to retain a 15-round magazine, so the much heavier 30-round magazine would not be properly seated in the M1 carbine magazine well. The loaded 30-round magazine would typically slant (impairing feed reliability) or even fall out, which contributed to the poor reliability record of the 30-round magazines. Because of their thin steel construction, they were also more prone to damage due to their added length and weight when loaded. In response to these issues, early production M1 carbines had to be fitted with the type IV magazine catch used on the M2 carbine (and late production M1 carbines) if they were to be used with 30-round magazines in order to ensure reliable loading and feeding. The type IV magazine catch will have a leg on the left side to correspond with the additional nub on the 30-round magazines.

Originally the M1 carbine did not have a bayonet lug, but personnel equipped with it were often issued with an M3 fighting knife. Due to requests from the field, the carbine was modified to incorporate a bayonet lug attached to the barrel band starting in 1945. However, very few carbines with bayonet lugs reached the front lines before the end of World War II. After the war, the bayonet lug was added to many M1 carbines during the arsenal refurbishing process. By the start of the Korean War, the bayonet lug-equipped M1 was standard issue. It is now rare to find an original M1 carbine without the bayonet lug. The M1 carbine mounts the M4 bayonet, which was based on the earlier M3 fighting knife and formed the basis for the later M5, M6 and M7 bayonet-knives.

The version of the M1 Carbine used in GFL is the M1A1. This variant was developed after a request for a compact and light infantry arm for airborne troops, and features a folding metal stock. M1A1s were produced primarily by the Inland division of General Motors, and were made side by side with full stock M1s. Sometimes, these stocks would be replaced, making it hard to find an original M1A1 with the folding stock. This variant came standard with 15 round magazines, and was sometimes fielded with a vertical wooden foregrip.

The M1 carbine with its reduced-power .30 cartridge was not originally intended to serve as a primary weapon for combat infantrymen, nor was it comparable to more powerful assault rifles developed late in the war. However, it was markedly superior to the .45 caliber submachineguns in use at the time in both accuracy and penetration, and its lighter .30 caliber cartridge allowed soldiers to carry more ammunition. As a result, the carbine was soon widely issued to infantry officers, American paratroopers, non-commissioned officers, ammunition bearers, forward artillery observers, and other frontline troops. The first M1 carbines were delivered in mid-1942, with initial priority given to troops in the European Theater of Operations (ETO). The M1 carbine gained generally high praise for its small size, light weight, and great firepower, especially by those troops who were unable to use a full-size rifle as their primary weapon. However, its reputation in front-line combat was mixed, and negative reports began to surface during airborne operations in Sicily in 1943. In the Asiatic-Pacific Theater, soldiers and guerrilla forces operating in heavy jungle with only occasional enemy contact again praised the carbine for its small size, light weight, and firepower. However, soldiers and Marines engaged in frequent daily firefights (particularly those serving in the Philippines) found the weapon to have insufficient penetration and stopping power. After World War II, the M1 and M2 carbines were widely exported to U.S. allies and client states, where they served as frontline weapons well into the Vietnam War era. By the Korean War, the select fire M2 carbine had largely replaced the submachine-gun in U.S. service, and was the most widely used carbine variant (although semi-auto M1s were still used). The M1 and M2 carbines were again issued to U.S. forces in Vietnam beginning in 1956, and the carbine continues to be used by military, police, and security forces around the world to this day.

A total of over 6.1 million M1 carbines of various models were manufactured, making it the most produced small arm for the American military during World War II (compared with about 5.4 million M1 rifles and about 1.3 million Thompson submachine guns). Despite being designed by Winchester, the great majority of these were made by other companies, with the largest producer being the Inland division of General Motors. Other companies responsible for producing the M1 Carbine included IBM, the Underwood Typewriter Company, and Rock-Ola Manufacturing Corporation. The M1 carbine was also one of the most cost effective weapons used by the United States military during World War II. At the beginning of World War II the average production cost for an M1 carbine was approximately $45, about half the cost of an M1 rifle at approximately $85 and about a fifth of the cost of a Thompson submachine gun at approximately $225. The .30 Caliber carbine ammunition was also far cheaper to produce than the standard .30-06 ammunition; used fewer resources, was smaller, lighter, faster and easier to make. These were major factors in the United States military decision to adopt the M1 carbine, especially when considering the vast numbers of weapons and ammunition manufactured and transported by the United States during World War II.

Gallery

Main artwork

Gallery consisting of artworks used primarily in-game. For information on how to obtain certain costumes, see Skin Catalogue.

Alternative artwork

Alternate gallery consisting of artworks with slight alterations as well as miscellaneous artworks.

Trivia

  • The M1A1 has an infamously bad reputation, much like the L85 and early production models of the M16. During the invasion of Sicily, the weapon got a reputation for being extremely finicky and prone to jamming and misfiring. In one famous anecdote, Colonel James M. Gavin later traded his M1A1 to a wounded Army grunt for an M1 Garand, such were his problems with the weapon. If anything, the weapon's problems became more apparent during the Korean War, when the M1A1's existing reliability problems caused the whole weapon to be called into question and a full investigation was launched.
    • Interestingly, just like the L85 and M16, the bulk of the M1A1's problems were found to come from manufacturing defects and improper maintenance procedures rather than deficiencies in the design itself. Later production runs of the M1A1 featured better return springs and lubricants that were less prone to fouling and freezing. The magazines for the M1A1 were also redesigned.
    • Many problems were also found in the weapon's ammunition. Korean War veterans became infamous for the claims that the M1A1's .30 carbine round could not penetrate the winter coats worn by Chinese soldiers, and similar claims during the Vietnam War claimed that the round was incapable of penetrating a human skull. Both claims were untrue, but there was a nugget of truth to both: the M1A1's .30 caliber round was especially prone to misfiring and poorly firing, resulting in less-than-optimal performance. As was the case with most of the M1A1's problems, and later on the M16's problems with performance, the bulk were later found to be the result of manufacturing defects.
    • While later model M1A1s purportedly had satisfactory performance, the horrendous reputation of the weapon lives on to this very day, the same way it does for the L85.
  • M1A1 is Garand's little sister, sharing a similar relationship with her that MG42 has with MG34.
    • Humorously, M1A1 shares the same artist as Garand as well.
    • Appropriately, as she is Garand's sister, she shares numerous tastes in clothing, including a beret, pleated skirt, and open jacket with blouse and a tie.

References[edit]