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HoweverAs a company support weapon, by and large the most common variant of M1919 required a five-man crew to operate: the series was squad leader, the M1919A4. Production blueprints of gunner (who fired the new variant were complete in late 1936, gun and production soon followed. The driving force behind when advancing carried the development tripod and box of this variant was ammunition), the suffering reliability of assistant gunner (who helped feed the 18-inch barrel gun and carried it, and a box of previous versionsspare parts and tools), which did not produce enough recoil to cycle the action reliablyand two ammunition carriers. The bull barrel original idea of the M1919 was made much thicker and was lengthened to 24 inches like the M1917. Various other small adjustments allow it to the design were madebe more easily packed for transport, such and featured a light barrel and bipod when first introduced as moving the front sight from M1919A1. Unfortunately, it quickly became clear that the barrel jacket gun was still too heavy to the receiverbe easily moved, which made it easier to mount while at the gun on vehiclessame time being too light for sustained fire. The design of This led to the M1919A2, which included a heavier barrel jacket was changed to include circular holes instead of long slits of earlier modelsand tripod, and could sustain fire for longer periods. The M1919A4 played a recoil booster key role in the muzzle end improved reliabilityfirepower of the U.S. Army in World War 2. The recoil buffer assembly was also Each infantry company normally had a new weapons platoon in addition to its other organic units. The presence of the design between A3 and A4 development, designed to reduce M1919A4 in the impact of weapons platoon gave company commanders additional automatic fire support at the bolt hitting company level, whether in the backplateassault or on defense.
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The M1919 originally fired the .30 caliber M1906 (.30-06) ball cartridge, and later the .30 caliber M2 ball cartridge, contained in a woven cloth belt and feeding from left to right. A metal ammo link was later adopted, forming a "disintegrating" belt. Operation of the M1919 was much the same as it had been for the M1917. Loading was accomplished by inserting the pull tab on the ammunition belt from the left side of the gun until the feeding pawl at the entrance of the feed way engaged the first round in the belt and held it in place. The cocking handle was then pulled back with the right hand, palm facing up, and then released. This advanced the first round of the belt in front of the bolt for the extractor/ejector on the bolt to grab the first cartridge. The cocking handle was then pulled and released a second time. This caused the extractor to remove the first cartridge from the belt and chamber it (load it into the barrel ready to fire). As the bolt slid forward into battery, the extractor engaged the next round on the now-advanced belt resting in the feedway, preparing to draw it from the belt in the next firing cycle. Every time the gun fired a shot, the gun performed the sequence of extracting the spent round from the chamber and extracting the following round from the belt as the bolt came rearward, the fresh round ejecting the spent one when the bolt was to the rear and the fresh round cycled in front of the bolt, then on the forward stroke chambering the next round to be fired, advancing the belt, and engaging the next round in preparation for loading. Once the bolt closed, the firing pin dropped and the round was fired, and the sequence was repeated (at a rate of roughly ten cycles per second) until the trigger was released or the ammunition belt was exhausted. Except for the M1919A6, all M1919 variants had to be mounted on a tripod or other type of mount to be used effectively. The tripod used by infantry allowed traverse and elevation. To aim the gun along its vertical axis, the adjustment screw needed to be operated. This allowed the point of aim to be moved upwards or downwards, with free traverse to either side, allowing the gunner to set an elevation and sweep a wide band of fire across it by simply moving the gun from side to side. There was no need to control barrel climb or keep careful track of the fall of shots to make sure the fire was falling at the proper range. The gun was aimed using a small folding post at the front end of the receiver and a rear aperture sight on a sliding leaf with range graduations from 200 to 1,800 meters in 200 meter increments. When folded down, the aperture formed a notch that could be used to fire the gun immediately without flipping up the leaf. The rear sight also had windage adjustment with a dial on the right side.
A number of updated models of the M1919 were created, each one iterating on the design as operational requirements changed. The most common variant of the M1919 series was the M1919A4. Production blueprints of this variant were complete in late 1936, and production soon followed. The driving force behind the development of this variant was the suffering reliability of the 18-inch barrel of previous versions, which did not produce enough recoil to cycle the action reliably. The bull barrel was made much thicker and was lengthened to 24 inches, like the older M1917. Various other small adjustments to the design were made, such as moving the front sight from the barrel jacket to the receiver, which made it easier to mount the gun on vehicles. The design of the barrel jacket was changed to include circular holes instead of long slits of earlier models, and a recoil booster in the muzzle end improved reliability. The recoil buffer assembly was also a new addition to the design, added between development of the A3 and A4 variants, and was designed to reduce the impact of the bolt hitting the backplate. The M1919A4 was used in both fixed and flexible mounts, by infantry and on vehicles. It was also widely exported after World War II and continues to be used in small numbers around the world. Two variants were developed specifically for vehicular use, the M1919A5, with an extended charging handle, and the M1919A4E1, a sub-variant of the M1919A4 refitted with an extended charging handle. It is recognized as one of the precursors to the current 7.62x51mm machine guns, and one of the most prominent MMGs of World War ll.
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