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|manufacturer = Springfield Armory, Rock Island Arsenal, Remington Arms, Smith-Corona Typewriter Company | |manufacturer = Springfield Armory, Rock Island Arsenal, Remington Arms, Smith-Corona Typewriter Company | ||
|artist = {{artist name|多元菌}} | |artist = {{artist name|多元菌}} | ||
| − | |fullname = | + | |fullname = M1903 Springfield |
|voiceactor = {{voice actor name|Horie Yui}} | |voiceactor = {{voice actor name|Horie Yui}} | ||
|releasedon = {{doll_server_alias|server=CN|alias=春田}}, {{doll_server_alias|server=TW|alias=春田}}, {{doll_server_alias|server=KR|alias=스프링필드}}, {{doll_server_alias|server=EN|alias=Springfield}}, {{doll_server_alias|server=JP|alias=スプリングフィールド}} | |releasedon = {{doll_server_alias|server=CN|alias=春田}}, {{doll_server_alias|server=TW|alias=春田}}, {{doll_server_alias|server=KR|alias=스프링필드}}, {{doll_server_alias|server=EN|alias=Springfield}}, {{doll_server_alias|server=JP|alias=スプリングフィールド}} | ||
| − | |weaponinfo = | + | | weaponinfo = |
Officially designated the 'United States Rifle, Caliber .30-06, Model of 1903' and referred by the troops as the '03' or simply as the 'Springfield', the M1903 Springfield is an American magazine fed, bolt-action repeating rifle. It served as the main infantry rifle of US forces during World War 1, and it remains popular today as a civilian firearm, historical collector's piece, competitive shooting rifle, and military drill rifle. | Officially designated the 'United States Rifle, Caliber .30-06, Model of 1903' and referred by the troops as the '03' or simply as the 'Springfield', the M1903 Springfield is an American magazine fed, bolt-action repeating rifle. It served as the main infantry rifle of US forces during World War 1, and it remains popular today as a civilian firearm, historical collector's piece, competitive shooting rifle, and military drill rifle. | ||
| − | During the Spanish-American War, the US Army, armed with Model 1892-99 Krag–Jørgensen rifles, suffered massive casualties by Spanish forces armed with Spanish Mauser Model 1893 rifles. Despite the war being a victory for the US, military officials were disappointed with the performance of the Krag–Jørgensen. After a number of evaluations were completed by Springfield Armory, the Mauser system was deemed a superior design, and development of a new rifle | + | During the Spanish-American War, the US Army, armed with Model 1892-99 Krag–Jørgensen rifles, suffered massive casualties by Spanish forces armed with Spanish Mauser Model 1893 rifles. Despite the war being a victory for the US, military officials were disappointed with the performance of the Krag–Jørgensen. After a number of evaluations were completed by Springfield Armory, the Mauser system was deemed a superior design, and development of a new rifle began.<ref name = "1903 background article">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M1903_Springfield Wikipedia article on the M1903 Springfield]</ref> |
| − | The US Ordinance Department authorized the then-federally owned Springfield Armory to begin working up a prototype rifle. The first prototype Springfield produced would be the Model of 1900, which had design elements incorporated from both the Krag–Jørgensen and Spanish Mauser 1893. This prototype featured an exposed magazine and follower, and a magazine cut-off styled after the Lee-Enfield. The Model 1900 prototype would be rejected, and a second prototype would be introduced a year later. The 1901 Prototype ditched the exposed magazine and follower in favor of a Mauser-style internal magazine, and incorporated additional features from the Mauser 1893 and Gewehr 98 rifles. A unique style of magazine cutoff would also be added to the rifle. The 1901 prototype was almost accepted, but | + | The US Ordinance Department authorized the then-federally owned Springfield Armory to begin working up a prototype rifle. The first prototype Springfield produced would be the Model of 1900, which had design elements incorporated from both the Krag–Jørgensen and Spanish Mauser 1893. This prototype featured an exposed magazine and follower, and a magazine cut-off styled after the Lee-Enfield. The Model 1900 prototype would be rejected, and a second prototype would be introduced a year later. The 1901 Prototype ditched the exposed magazine and follower in favor of a Mauser-style internal magazine, and incorporated additional features from the Mauser 1893 and Gewehr 98 rifles. A unique style of magazine cutoff would also be added to the rifle. The 1901 prototype was almost accepted, but additional changes were requested by the Ordinance Department. The final design had the rifle shortened down to 24 inches, and a rod-type bayonet would be affixed under the barrel. This new design was accepted, officially adopted as the 'United States Rifle, Caliber .30, Model 1903', and entered production that same year.<ref name = "informational video othias">[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jhh4wIS6zMI C&Rsenal's video on the M1903 Springfield]</ref> |
By January 1905 over 80,000 of the 1903 pattern rifles had been produced. However, President Theodore Roosevelt expressed displeasure at the sliding rod-type bayonet, stating that he believed it to be too flimsy for combat use. All 1903 pattern rifles had to be re-tooled with bayonet lugs to allow mounting of the M1905 pattern blade bayonet. In addition, a new pattern of ladder sight was added. The retooling was almost complete when it was decided another change would be made, this time to the ammunition. During the development process for the M1903, pointed ammunition had begun to see use over in Europe. These new cartridges were a marked improvement over the old roundnosed ammo. A new pointed cartridge was developed for the Springfield rifle to replace the current .30 caliber bottlenosed rounds. This new cartridge would come to be known as the .30-06, one of the most legendary cartridges in American firearms history. The .30-06 would go on to see use in a wide array of rifles and machine guns, and it remains a popular caliber with civilian and recreational shooters.<ref name = "informational video shooting usa">[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a9rJe1iK7vI Shooting USA's video on the M1903 Springfield]</ref> | By January 1905 over 80,000 of the 1903 pattern rifles had been produced. However, President Theodore Roosevelt expressed displeasure at the sliding rod-type bayonet, stating that he believed it to be too flimsy for combat use. All 1903 pattern rifles had to be re-tooled with bayonet lugs to allow mounting of the M1905 pattern blade bayonet. In addition, a new pattern of ladder sight was added. The retooling was almost complete when it was decided another change would be made, this time to the ammunition. During the development process for the M1903, pointed ammunition had begun to see use over in Europe. These new cartridges were a marked improvement over the old roundnosed ammo. A new pointed cartridge was developed for the Springfield rifle to replace the current .30 caliber bottlenosed rounds. This new cartridge would come to be known as the .30-06, one of the most legendary cartridges in American firearms history. The .30-06 would go on to see use in a wide array of rifles and machine guns, and it remains a popular caliber with civilian and recreational shooters.<ref name = "informational video shooting usa">[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a9rJe1iK7vI Shooting USA's video on the M1903 Springfield]</ref> | ||
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Despite the numerous alterations made by Springfield Armory, the M1903 was still clearly a Mauser-derived design. In addition, the Springfield had been designed for use with stripper clips, and invention that Mauser also held the patents on. Chief of Ordinance William Crozier would contact Mauser in spring of 1904, and after some negotiations the two parties would come to an agreement: Mauser would receive 75 cents per rifle made, and 50 cents for every 1,000 stripper clips made. All totaled, the US government would end up paying Mauser $200,000 in royalties. | Despite the numerous alterations made by Springfield Armory, the M1903 was still clearly a Mauser-derived design. In addition, the Springfield had been designed for use with stripper clips, and invention that Mauser also held the patents on. Chief of Ordinance William Crozier would contact Mauser in spring of 1904, and after some negotiations the two parties would come to an agreement: Mauser would receive 75 cents per rifle made, and 50 cents for every 1,000 stripper clips made. All totaled, the US government would end up paying Mauser $200,000 in royalties. | ||
| − | Despite the M1917 American Enfield being produced in larger numbers, the M1903 Springfield was the official infantry rifle for the United States during the First World War. When the U.S. entered World War I, a total of 843,239 M1903 rifles had been produced. However, there was a problem: subjection to excessive temperatures during heat-treating was causing receivers to become brittle. This was a huge problem, as an improperly forged receiver could blow out, causing serious injury to the user. An investigation found that many forges did not have the proper instrumentation needed to accurately read temperatures inside the furnaces. Pyrometers were installed | + | Despite the M1917 American Enfield being produced in larger numbers, the M1903 Springfield was the official infantry rifle for the United States during the First World War. When the U.S. entered World War I, a total of 843,239 M1903 rifles had been produced. However, there was a problem: subjection to excessive temperatures during heat-treating was causing receivers to become brittle. This was a huge problem, as an improperly forged receiver could blow out, causing serious injury to the user. An investigation found that many forges did not have the proper instrumentation needed to accurately read temperatures inside the furnaces. Pyrometers were installed in December 1917 to accurately measure temperatures during the forging process. This situation resulted in low serial number M1903 rifles being regarded as unsafe for use.<ref name = "Low-number Springfields">[https://thecmp.org/sales-and-service/m1903-m1903a3-rifle-information/ Civilian Marksmanship Program's statement on low-number M1903 rifles]</ref> |
| − | In World War II, | + | In World War II, the shortage of M1 Garand rifles would prompt the manufacture of additional M1903 Springfield rifles. Remington began production of the M1903 in September 1941, and the Smith-Corona Typewriter Company would follow suit in 1942. In 1941, M1903 production was discontinued in favor of the M1903A3 variant. The most noticeable change for the M1903A3 was the replacement of the barrel-mounted rear sight with an aperture rear sight mounted on the rear of the receiver. This was done to speed up familiarization of the rifle by soldiers already trained on the M1 Garand, which had a similar sighting system. The Springfield was used in combat alongside the M1 Garand by the U.S. military during World War II, and saw extensive use across every theater. By early 1944, most American combat troops were armed with the M1 Garand. However, some units in both the U.S. Army and Marine Corps retained their M1903s and continued to use them alongside the M1 Garand until the end of the Second World War. The M1903 would see limited service as a sniper rifle all the way up through the Korean and Vietnam wars, when it would be phased out of service entirely.<ref name = "military factory entry">[https://www.militaryfactory.com/smallarms/detail.asp?smallarms_id=53 Military Factory's article on the M1903 Springfield]</ref> |
| − | |design = | + | | design = |
An elegant and gentle aura is always emitting from Springfield. Her design follows a general color palette of red, white, and blue (a nod to the American flag's primary colors). | An elegant and gentle aura is always emitting from Springfield. Her design follows a general color palette of red, white, and blue (a nod to the American flag's primary colors). | ||
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| trivia = | | trivia = | ||
| − | *With her housewife demeanor and kind personality, community | + | *With her housewife demeanor and kind personality, the community nickname for Springfield is "Raifu" (太太), a combination of the words 'rifle' and 'waifu'. |
| − | *During World War 1, Springfield Armory would release the M1903 Springfield Mk. 1. This version of the rifle featured | + | *During World War 1, Springfield Armory would release the M1903 Springfield Mk. 1. This version of the rifle featured a slot cut into the left-hand side of the receiver. This slot was meant to act as an ejection port for the Pedersen Device, a specialized insert that replaced the bolt and allowed the user to fire .30 caliber pistol cartridges semi-automatically from a 40-round detachable magazine. The magazine itself is placed diagonally to the right of the receiver. The war ended before the Pedersen Device could be delivered to American armies in Europe, and the devices were mothballed until the order was given for their destruction. As a result, very few survive today.<ref name = "pedersen device">[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M637KpEP1_E Youtube video detailing the Pedersen Device]</ref> |
*The M1903 Springfield 'Air Service' model was introduced in response to the US Army Air Service's request for a backup weapon that could be used in case of machine gun failure in the midst of an aerial engagement. Being a cut-down M1903 equipped with a 25-round magazine and modified sights, historians have often erroneously referred to the rifle as a "survival" rifle. Recent archival digging has revealed its true purpose as a backup weapon in aerial combat, though the pilots and/or their rear-gunners would have preferred to see something along the lines of a semi-auto sporting rifle from the time such as a Remington Model 8.<ref name = "air service model video">[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w8KR8vzMBak Youtube video on the M1903 Air Service rifle]</ref> | *The M1903 Springfield 'Air Service' model was introduced in response to the US Army Air Service's request for a backup weapon that could be used in case of machine gun failure in the midst of an aerial engagement. Being a cut-down M1903 equipped with a 25-round magazine and modified sights, historians have often erroneously referred to the rifle as a "survival" rifle. Recent archival digging has revealed its true purpose as a backup weapon in aerial combat, though the pilots and/or their rear-gunners would have preferred to see something along the lines of a semi-auto sporting rifle from the time such as a Remington Model 8.<ref name = "air service model video">[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w8KR8vzMBak Youtube video on the M1903 Air Service rifle]</ref> | ||
*Originally, Springfield was the first payment award on CN/TW/KR server. With the First Payment award change on July 2018, Springfield is no longer the reward T-doll and cannot be obtained this way. | *Originally, Springfield was the first payment award on CN/TW/KR server. With the First Payment award change on July 2018, Springfield is no longer the reward T-doll and cannot be obtained this way. | ||
*While {{doll name|Kar98k|RF|5}} is [[Girls' Frontline]]'s poster girl on the app icon and nearly every social media account, Springfield is used as the icon of the [https://weibo.com/shaonvqianxian official Weibo]. | *While {{doll name|Kar98k|RF|5}} is [[Girls' Frontline]]'s poster girl on the app icon and nearly every social media account, Springfield is used as the icon of the [https://weibo.com/shaonvqianxian official Weibo]. | ||
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